SpringSecurity简单入门

1.简介

Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。它提供了一组可以在Spring应用上下文中配置的Bean，充分利用了Spring IoC，DI（控制反转Inversion of Control ,DI:Dependency Injection 依赖注入）和AOP（面向切面编程）功能，为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能，减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。

2.入门案例(基于SpringBoot)

①创建一个SpringBoot项目,我习惯先创建maven然后导入相关jar包

②导入相关依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>     <parent>         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>         <version>2.6.4</version>         <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->     </parent>     <groupId>com.qbb.springsecurity</groupId>     <artifactId>security01</artifactId>     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>     <name>security01</name>     <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>     <properties>         <java.version>1.8</java.version>     </properties>     <dependencies>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>         </dependency>          <dependency>             <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>             <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>             <optional>true</optional>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>             <scope>test</scope>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>             <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>             <scope>test</scope>         </dependency>     </dependencies>      <build>         <plugins>             <plugin>                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>                 <configuration>                     <excludes>                         <exclude>                             <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>                             <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>                         </exclude>                     </excludes>                 </configuration>             </plugin>         </plugins>     </build>  </project> 

③修改SpringBoot核心配置文件application.yml

server:   port: 9001 

④编写主启动类

package com.qbb.springsecurity.security01;  import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;  @SpringBootApplication public class Security01Application {      public static void main(String[] args) {         SpringApplication.run(Security01Application.class, args);     } } 

⑤编写controller层

package com.qbb.springsecurity.security01.controller;  import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;  /**  * @author QiuQiu&LL (博客:https://www.gaodi.net/qbbit)  * @version 1.0  * @date 2022-02-26  11:39  * @Description:  */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/test") public class TestController {      @GetMapping("/hello")     public String hello() {         return "hello security!!!";     } } 

测试

默认的username:admin,密码是IDEA控制台输出的password:Using generated security password: af1d28f2-1fde-4a68-a52e-85b7d3055a6d

3.SpringSecurity基本原理

SpringSecurity本质是一个过滤器链,因为我用的是SpringBoot开发,所以SpringBoot已经做了很多的自动配置 https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/5.3.4.RELEASE/reference/html5/#servlet-hello

4.SpringSecurity Web权限方案

①基于配置文件的方式

spring:   security:     user:       password: qiuqiu       name: qiuqiu 

②基于配置类的方式

package com.qbb.springsecurity.security01.config;  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;  /**  * @author QiuQiu&LL (博客:https://www.gaodi.net/qbbit)  * @version 1.0  * @date 2022-02-28  18:05  * @Description:  */ @Configuration public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {      @Override     protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {         BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();         String password = bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode("123");         auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("qiuqiu").password(password).roles("admin");     }      @Bean     public PasswordEncoder getPasswordEncoder() {         return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();     } } 

③自定义实现类

package com.qbb.springsecurity.security01.config;  import com.qbb.springsecurity.security01.service.MyUserDetailService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;  /**  * @author QiuQiu&LL (博客:https://www.gaodi.net/qbbit)  * @version 1.0  * @date 2022-02-28  18:05  * @Description:  */ @Configuration public class SecurityConfigTest extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {      @Qualifier("myUserDetailService")     @Autowired     MyUserDetailService myUserDetailService;      @Override     protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {         auth.userDetailsService(myUserDetailService).passwordEncoder(getPasswordEncoder());     }      @Bean     public PasswordEncoder getPasswordEncoder() {         return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();     } } 

package com.qbb.springsecurity.security01.service;  import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority; import org.springframework.security.core.authority.AuthorityUtils; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException; import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;  import java.util.List;  /**  * @author QiuQiu&LL (博客:https://www.gaodi.net/qbbit)  * @version 1.0  * @date 2022-02-28  18:26  * @Description:  */ @Service("myUserDetailService") public class MyUserDetailService implements UserDetailsService {     @Override     public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {         List<GrantedAuthority> auths = AuthorityUtils.commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList("role");         return new User("mary", new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123"), auths);     } } 

工作中大部分使用第三种使用方式